Deciduous

River Birch

Betula nigra

Sun: full sunHeight: 40–70 ft·Region: Eastern North America; common along Maryland streams

River Birch (Betula nigra) is a native tree in Maryland (Deciduous). The sections below summarize where it grows, how to recognize it, and how it supports local ecosystems.

Habitat and range

Streambanks and floodplains; planted widely for exfoliating bark in residential landscapes.

Identification

Shaggy peeling salmon-cream bark; triangular toothed leaves; drooping male catins and upright female catkins.

Soil and moisture

Moist acidic soils; tolerates brief inundation; chlorosis possible on high pH without care.

Wildlife value

Seeds for finches; catkins for early-season insects; cover along waterways.

Uses and significance

Multi-trunk specimens for rain gardens; native alternative to some riverbank willows where scale is managed.

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