Eastern hemlock is a large conifer with short, flat needles and small hanging cones. It casts deep shade and often grows in pure stands along streams and in cool, moist ravines.
Habitat and range
In Maryland, hemlock is found in the western mountains and piedmont in cool, shaded coves, along streams, and on north-facing slopes. It requires moist, well-drained soils and is sensitive to drought and heat.
Uses and significance
The wood is used for lumber and pulp. Hemlock forests provide critical habitat for birds and other wildlife and help cool streams. Hemlock woolly adelgid has killed many trees; conservation and treatment efforts are ongoing.