Deciduous

Black Willow

Salix nigra

Sun: full sunHeight: 30–70 ft·Region: Eastern North America; Maryland streams and floodplains

Black Willow (Salix nigra) is a native tree in Maryland (Deciduous). The sections below summarize where it grows, how to recognize it, and how it supports local ecosystems.

Habitat and range

Streambanks, ditches, and wet depressions; often leaning over water with roots stabilizing banks.

Identification

Long narrow leaves; brittle twigs; yellowish-brown furrowed bark; catkins appear with leaves in spring.

Soil and moisture

Constantly moist to wet soils; tolerates erosion-prone sites and seasonal scour.

Wildlife value

Early pollen and nectar for bees; leaves feed many insects; beaver and deer browse twigs.

Uses and significance

Bank stabilization and riparian buffers; quick shade in wet spots; short-lived but easily replaced.

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