American Holly (Ilex opaca) is a native tree in Maryland (Evergreen). The sections below summarize where it grows, how to recognize it, and how it supports local ecosystems.
Habitat and range
Acidic woods, coastal plain forests, and sandy pine barrens; often seen as understory in the wild, but open-grown plants are common in landscapes and edges.
Identification
Spiny, leathery evergreen leaves; dioecious, females bear red berries with a pollenizer male nearby; gray, smoothish bark.
Soil and moisture
Moist, acidic, organic-rich soils; tolerates some drought once established but not wet, alkaline clay. Full sun gives the densest habit and heaviest berry set; partial shade is tolerated where it also grows naturally.
Wildlife value
Berries are critical winter food for many birds; dense foliage provides cover and nesting sites.
Uses and significance
Ornamental screen and specimen; holiday greenery where sustainably collected; slow-growing landscape anchor.