American holly is an evergreen tree with stiff, spiny leaves and bright red berries on female plants. Its dense, pyramidal form and winter color make it a signature species of mid‑Atlantic woodlands and landscapes.
Habitat and range
In Maryland, holly is especially abundant on the coastal plain in mixed evergreen and hardwood forests. It tolerates shade and acidic, sandy soils and is often found beneath taller pines and oaks.
Uses and significance
Branches with berries are widely used for holiday decorations. The fruits are eaten by many birds and mammals, and the evergreen foliage provides important winter cover.