American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) is a native tree in Maryland (Deciduous). The sections below summarize where it grows, how to recognize it, and how it supports local ecosystems.
Habitat and range
Rich, mesic forests across Maryland, often with sugar maple, oak, and tulip poplar on slopes and in cool valleys.
Identification
Smooth, steel-gray bark (often carved with initials in parks); long elliptical leaves with straight veins ending in teeth; long, narrow buds; papery marcescent leaves may cling on young trees through winter.
Soil and moisture
Moist, well-drained, fertile loam; seedlings tolerate shade, but open-grown trees reach their best form in full sun. Avoid droughty, compacted urban pits.
Wildlife value
Beech nuts feed mice, squirrels, bears, and many birds when crops are good; large trees provide nest sites and cavities.
Uses and significance
Hard, fine-grained wood for furniture and flooring; iconic park and forest tree valued for dense summer shade.